Boron deficiency-Broccoli

Symptoms
Broccoli plants lacking boron form hollow stems. First within the stems watery tissue arise, which turns brown or sometimes black in process of time. Then affected tissue dehumidifies and hollow areas develop. Brown spots remain viewable within the stem.

Reasons
Boron deficiency in broccoli High pH-values of soils support boron deficiency in broccoli and cauliflower. Excessive N supply or high temperatures cause hollowness too, but in this case tissue remains bright.

Symptoms
Broccoli plants lacking boron form hollow stems. First within the stems watery tissue arises, which turns brown or sometimes black in process of time. Then affected tissue dehumidifies and hollow areas develop. In opposite to N excess or physiological disease brown patches are visible within the stem.

Reasons
Boron deficiency in broccoli High pH-values of soils support boron deficiency in broccoli and cauliflower. Excessive N supply or high temperatures cause hollowness too, but in this case tissue remains bright.

Symptoms
Broccoli plants lacking boron form hollow stems. First within the stems watery tissue arises, which turns brown or sometimes black in process of time. Then affected tissue dehumidifies and hollow areas develop. In contrast to N excess or physiological disease brown patches are visible within the stem.

Reasons
Boron deficiency in broccoli High pH-values of soils support boron deficiency in broccoli and cauliflower. Excessive N supply or high temperatures cause hollowness too, but in this case tissue remains bright.

Symptoms
Recently developed leaves show a crinkled, mottled surface.

Reasons
Boron deficiency Brassica crops need boron in relatively high quantities. B supply is reduced by restricted water uptake, too high or too low pH-values or leaching in sandy soils. Foliar applications applied during periods of active transpiration are most effective.

Symptoms
Growth is severely stunted with shortened internodes.

Reasons
Boron deficiency (right) Brassica crops need boron in relatively high quantities. B supply is reduced by restricted water uptake, too high or too low pH-values or leaching in sandy soils. Foliar applications applied during periods of active transpiration are most effective.